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APIOps with decK

API Lifecycle Automation (APIOps) is the process of applying automation frameworks to API best practices. decK enables APIOps by providing a tool with varied commands that can be coordinated to build API delivery automations.

decK commands break down into the following categories:

• Configuration generation
• Configuration transformation
• Gateway state management

This guide walks you through using the configuration generation and transformation commands to build an API automation delivery pipeline.

Configuration generation

OpenAPI is the most commonly used standard for defining API behavior. OpenAPI Specifications (OAS) are useful for many API development related tasks including generating documentation and API client code. With decK, you can also generate Kong Gateway configuration from OAS files.

Let’s assume you have the following minimal OAS in a file named oas.yaml:

openapi: 3.0.0
info:
  title: httpbin API
  description: Simple API for testing purposes
  version: 1.0.0
servers:
  - url: https://httpbin.konghq.com
paths:
  /request:
    get:
      summary: Get a simple response from the /request resource of the httpbin API
      responses:
        '200':
          description: Successful response

You can generate a Kong Gateway configuration with the following:

deck file openapi2kong \
  --spec oas.yaml \
  --output-file httpbin.yaml

Which produces a complete decK configuration file:

_format_version: "3.0"
services:
- host: httpbin.konghq.com
  id: de7107e7-a39c-5574-9e8c-e66787ae50e7
  name: httpbin-api
  path: /
  plugins: []
  port: 80
  protocol: http
  routes:
  - id: 803b324e-98ed-5ec5-aecf-b4ce973036f4
    methods:
    - GET
    name: httpbin-api_request_get
    paths:
    - ~/request$
    plugins: []
    regex_priority: 200
    strip_path: false
    tags: []
  tags: []
upstreams: []

Note: The Kong Gateway getting started guide can help you quickly run a gateway in Docker to follow along with these instructions.

You can synchronize this directly to the gateway using sync:

deck gateway sync httpbin.yaml

Which creates the service and route:

creating service httpbin-api
creating route httpbin-api_request_get
Summary:
  Created: 2
  Updated: 0
  Deleted: 0

This is a very simple example. In reality, you will generally want to configure more sophisticated Kong Gateway capabilities for your API. Maybe you want to secure your API with an authentication plugin, or protect it with traffic management. These API Gateway concepts are usually orthogonal to the OAS, and a clearer separation of concerns is achieved if they are configured independently of the specification.

This can be accomplished with decK file transformations.

Configuration transformations

If you are building microservices or an API platform for multiple teams, you likely have multiple services and code repositories with their own decK configuration files. Using decK file transformation commands, you can organize your decK configuration files into partial segments of the full configuration and assemble them prior to synchronizing with Kong Gateway. This allows you to organize different aspects of the configuration in alignment with the rest of your software development artifacts.

Continuing the example above, let’s take a look at how commands can be pipelined to create API lifecycle automations.

Let’s assume you have a second team that builds a different API, and provides a Kong Gateway decK configuration segment for their service and route. Copy the following configuration into a file named another-httpbin.yaml:

_format_version: "3.0"
services:
- host: httpbin.konghq.com
  id: 7cc31086-3837-4e7e-bbe9-271e51c1f614 
  name: another-httpbin-api
  path: /
  plugins: []
  port: 80
  protocol: http
  routes:
  - id: 08ac3482-843a-40f8-a277-a4e73baf19d9 
    methods:
    - GET
    name: another-httpbin-api_request_get
    paths:
    - ~/another-request$
    plugins: []
    regex_priority: 200
    strip_path: false
    tags: []
  tags: []
upstreams: []

You can use the decK file merge command to bring these two configurations into one:

deck file merge httpbin.yaml another-httpbin.yaml \
  --output-file merged-kong.yaml

You now have a file named merged-kong.yaml, which is a single decK file with both services and routes merged. This file is also a complete deck file and could be synchronized to a gateway. Before doing that, let’s take the example one step further.

Now assume you want to ensure that all services in your configuration communicate with the upstream endpoint via https only. You can use the deck file patch command to accomplish this:

deck file patch --state merged-kong.yaml \
  --selector "$.services[*]" \
  --value 'protocol: "https"' \
  --output-file kong.yaml

The final kong.yaml file is a full configuration you can synchronize to the gateway:

deck gateway sync kong.yaml

Here is an example of putting the above together in a Unix-style pipeline:

deck file openapi2kong --spec oas.yaml --output-file httpbin.yaml && 
  deck file merge httpbin.yaml another-httpbin.yaml | 
  deck file patch --selector "$.services[*]" --value 'protocol: "https"' |
  deck gateway sync

Most commonly, you will use the commands from CI/CD tools built into your version control system to bring full and partial Kong Gateway configurations together to create APIOps for your particular needs.

Extending OpenAPI Specifications

You can use several custom annotations within the OpenAPI specification, allowing you to declare Kong Gateway capabilities directly in the specification document. All custom annotations related to Kong Gateway configuration are prepended with the x-kong- label.

More information

See the example file at Kong/go-apiops that showcases examples of the extensive annotations (x-kong-... directives), as well as explaining the conversion process.